Yiziphi izindlela zokuphatha ukukhiqizwa kweLean?

Ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza okunciphile kuyindlela yokuphatha ukukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi ngokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sesistimu, ukuphathwa kwenhlangano, imodi yokusebenza kanye nokunikezwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo, ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokushesha nezinguquko ezisheshayo ezidingweni zamakhasimende, futhi enze zonke izinto ezingenamsebenzi nezingadingekile isixhumanisi sokukhiqiza sincishiswe, futhi ekugcineni sizuze imiphumela engcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izici zokukhiqiza okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe nokumaketha.

I-Lean Management Institute ikholelwa ukuthi ngokwehlukile ohlelweni lwendabuko lokukhiqiza olukhulu, izinzuzo zokulawulwa kokukhiqiza okunciphile "ziyizinhlobonhlobo eziningi" kanye "neqoqo elincane", futhi umgomo omkhulu wamathuluzi okuphatha ukukhiqiza okunciphile ukunciphisa imfucuza nokudala ubuningi. inani.

Ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza okunciphile kuhlanganisa izindlela eziyi-11 ezilandelayo:

1. Ukukhiqizwa okufika ngesikhathi (JIT)

Indlela yokukhiqiza efika ngesikhathi yaqhamuka kwaToyota Motor Company eJapan, futhi umqondo wayo oyisisekelo uthi;Khiqiza lokho okudingayo kuphela uma ukudinga nangenani olidingayo.Umnyombo wale nqubo yokukhiqiza ukuphishekela uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala, noma uhlelo olunciphisa uhlu lwempahla.

2. Ukugeleza kwesiqephu esisodwa

I-JIT iwumgomo oyinhloko wokuphathwa kokukhiqiza okunciphile, okufinyelelwa ngokususa imfucuza ngokuqhubekayo, ukunciphisa i-inventory, ukunciphisa amaphutha, ukunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo wokukhiqiza nezinye izidingo ezithile.Ukugeleza kwesiqephu esisodwa kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokusisiza sifinyelele lo mgomo.

3. Donsa uhlelo

Okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa kokudonsa ukuphathwa kwe-Kanban njengendlela yokwamukela;Ukuthatha impahla kusekelwe kulolu hlelo olulandelayo;Imakethe idinga ukukhiqiza, futhi ukushoda kwemikhiqizo kule nqubo kuthatha inani elifanayo lemikhiqizo inqubo yenqubo yangaphambilini, ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokulawula ukudonsa kwayo yonke inqubo, futhi ingalokothi ikhiqize umkhiqizo ongaphezu kowodwa.I-JIT idinga ukusekelwe ekukhiqizeni okudonsayo, futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu yokudonsa kuyisici esivamile sokuphathwa kokukhiqiza okuthambile.Ukuphishekela okuncane kokusungula i-0 kuzuzwa ikakhulukazi ngokusebenza kwesistimu yokudonsa.

4, i-inventory engu-ziro noma i-inventory ephansi

Ukuphathwa kwempahla yenkampani kuyingxenye yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kodwa futhi ingxenye eyisisekelo kakhulu.Ngokuqondene nemboni yokukhiqiza, ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwempahla kunganciphisa futhi kuqede kancane kancane isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, nemikhiqizo eqediwe, ukunciphisa ukusebenza okungasebenzi kanye nesikhathi sokulinda, ukuvimbela ukushoda kwesitoko, futhi kuthuthukise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende;Ikhwalithi, izindleko, ukulethwa kwezinto ezintathu zokwaneliseka.

5. Ukuphathwa okubonakalayo kanye ne-5S

Kuyisifinyezo samagama amahlanu athi Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seikeetsu, kanye ne-Shitsuke, adabuka eJapane.I-5S iwuhlelo kanye nendlela yokudala nokugcina indawo yokusebenza ehlelekile, ehlanzekile futhi ephumelelayo engafundisa, ikhuthaze futhi ihlakulele kahle;Imikhuba yabantu, ukuphathwa okubukwayo kungakwazi ukubona izimo ezivamile nezingavamile ngokuphazima kweso, futhi kungadlulisa ulwazi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

6. Kanban Management

I-Kanban igama lesi-Japanese lelebula noma ikhadi elibekwe noma elinamathiselwe esitsheni noma kuqoqo lezingxenye, noma izibani zesignali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, izithombe zikamabonakude, njll., emugqeni wokukhiqiza.I-Kanban ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokushintshanisa ulwazi mayelana nokuphathwa kokukhiqiza esitshalweni.Amakhadi e-Kanban aqukethe ulwazi oluningi futhi angasetshenziswa kabusha.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-kanban ezivame ukusetshenziswa: i-kanban yokukhiqiza kanye ne-kanban yokulethwa.

7, Ukugcinwa okuphelele kokukhiqiza (TPM)

I-TPM, eyaqala eJapane, iyindlela ehileleke yonke yokwakha imishini yesistimu eklanywe kahle, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhona, ukufeza ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, nokuvimbela ukwehluleka, ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukuzuza ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo jikelele. .

8. Imephu Yokusakaza Yenani (VSM)

Isixhumanisi sokukhiqiza sigcwele izinto ezimangalisayo zemfucuza, ibalazwe lokugeleza kwenani (ibalazwe lokusakaza inani) liyisisekelo nephuzu eliyisihluthulelo lokuqalisa uhlelo oluthambile nokuqeda udoti wenqubo.

9. Umklamo olinganiselayo womugqa wokukhiqiza

Ukuhlelwa okungenangqondo kwemigqa yokukhiqiza kuholela ekuhambeni okungadingekile kwabasebenzi bokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza;Ngenxa yezinhlelo zokunyakaza ezingenangqondo kanye nezindlela zezinqubo ezingenangqondo, abasebenzi bacosha noma babeke phansi iziqephu zokusebenza ngokuphindaphindiwe.

10. Indlela ye-SMED

Ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza yesikhathi sokuphumula, inqubo yokunciphisa isikhathi sokusetha iwukuqeda kancane kancane futhi kuncishiswe yonke imisebenzi engeyona i-value-added futhi iguqule ibe yizinqubo eziqediwe ezingezona ezokwehlisa isikhathi.Ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza okunciphile ukuqeda ngokuqhubekayo imfucuza, ukunciphisa i-inventory, ukunciphisa amaphutha, ukunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo wokukhiqiza nezinye izidingo ezithile zokufeza, indlela ye-SMED ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokusisiza ukuba sifinyelele lo mgomo.

11. Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo (Kaizen)

I-Kaizen igama lesiJapane elilingana ne-CIP.Uma uqala ukuhlonza inani ngokunembile, khomba ukusakaza kwevelu, gcina izinyathelo zokudala inani lomkhiqizo othile ugeleza, futhi wenze amakhasimende adonse inani ebhizinisini, umlingo uqala ukwenzeka.